Brain Cancer Innovation: Attacking the Core :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the article Brain Cancer Innovation: Attacking the Core, Anne Denogeantries to clarify how deadly glioma (malignant tumor of the neurological cells) actually is, and how a balloon filled with radiation can extend a patients life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anne goes on to explain that this treatment is not a cure but on average it doesgive the patient additional months if he or she did not take the surgery. This procedure is done to treat some of the most severe cases of glioma, which was recorded to end up in an average of nine thousand four hundred Americans every year. She also says that this method of using a balloon has been the best when it comes to not damaging any of the patient’s brain tissue. Doctors have been searching for something like this for many years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The patients that are diagnosed with this illness are usually between the ageof thirty to fifty years old. When these people come in for surgery to cut out the cancer, they usually come out of the room with no brain with the cancer completely gone. The problem with this style of surgery is the cancer comes back after only a short period of time. This is where the radiation balloon (which is used at the University of Arizona and many other sites in America) comes into play. This balloon was created in such a way that it is able to secrete about two centimeters of radiation fluid every time it detects the tumor is getting to large. This is a cheaper more sufficient treatment for glioma patients to choose rather than many surgeries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The balloon is attached to the catheter during the removal of the tumor. Once it is in the correct position it is filled up with saline. So far, there has been one person that

Experiment on Osmosis

GCSE – Human Physiology and Health An experiment to investigate what affect sucrose solution has on potato tissue. Background Osmosis is the movement of water molecules, across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high concentration of water to a low concentration of water molecules. A partially permeable membrane is a membrane with holes in it small enough for only water to go through it. Big molecules like glucose cannot fit through it. Osmosis allows plants to take in water through their roots, and is also used in kidney dialysis machines to filter the blood. Aim The aim of this experiment is to investigate how potato tissue changes when placed in sucrose solution of different concentrations. I want to find out if and how osmosis differs, when the concentration is changed. The Fixed Variables There are several fixed variables I can control in order to get a different outcome to my experiment: 1)Temperature of the atmosphere in which the investigation takes place 2)Surface on which the investigation takes place 3)Length of time in which the chip is submerged in the solution 4)Position of potato chip )Size of potato chip 6)Amount of solution 7)Concentration of solution. Diagram Method 1,2,3&4) gather all the equipment needed, as per the list below. A range of sucrose solutions will then be prepared with concentrations of 0. 00 molar, 0. 25 molar, 0. 50 molar, 0. 75 molar and 1. 00 molar. You will need to measure 15ml of each of the solutions in a measuring cylinder. You can check that the volume is at the correct measurement, by bending dow n to eye level. This will give you an accurate reading. You can also alter the concentration by using a pipette. You will then place each 15ml of solution into the correct specimen tubes. You then need to add a label to each specimen tube to advise what sucrose solution is in what. For organisation’s sake, we set up all of the specimen tubes at once, and labelled them individually to avoid confusion later on. You should end up with 3 test tubes of each solution (15 test tubes in all). (5&6) A large potato will be selected and using a number 4 cork borer, push out 15 pieces. A poker will be used to separate each piece of potato from the borer. 7) You should then cut, with a scalpel, the skin from the ends of the potato. The skin is waterproof therefore if you were to leave the skin on, it will not allow the water to enter the potato evenly. (8) You will then measure, with a ruler, each potato, at 20mm. You will need to measure each potato in mms because it will give a more accurate measurement. Cut with a scalpel and repeat this 15 times. This part of the preparation must be done very acc urately as a change in the surface area may allow more or less osmosis to occur. 9) The mass of each potato will be measured, on a 2 decimal place weighing scale. (10) Record each potato mass in a table. (11) The potato tubes will then be placed into the test tubes, taking care to place each potato in each specimen tube according to your table. It is important to keep a record, to control which potato has gone into which sucrose solution, for the results to create an accurate conclusion. (12) Start the stopwatch and leave the potatoes to soak in the sucrose solution for 30mins. (13) After 30 minutes, empty each specimen tube, leaving only the potato inside. 14) Before you weigh each potato again, you need to dab them with a paper towel. If excess water were left on the potato, the weights would not be accurate. (15) Repeat this with the 14 potato tubes left. Once all the potatoes are out of the solution, the potato tubes need to be measured on the same weighing scales used before (2 decimal places). (16) Record the results. By doing the experiment 15 times at once, this will save time, but will also, hopefully produce more accurate results from which I will be able to draw a more accurate conclusion. Table Of Results ConcentrationLength (mm)Weight (mm) Before After 15ml of 0. 00 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 0. 00 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 0. 00 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 0. 25 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 0. 25 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 0. 25 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 0. 50 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 0. 50 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 0. 50 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 0. 75 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 0. 75 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 0. 75 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 1. 00 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 1. 00 mol dm-320mm 15ml of 1. 00 mol dm-320mm Graph See graph paper added Safety IssueRiskManagement Glass tileIf it breaks you could cut yourself. Take care when handling. Keep the tile in the middle of the bench to ensure you don’t knock it off. ScalpelCould cut your fingers if not handled correctlyMake sure your fingers are out of the way when cutting the skin off the end of the potato. Cork BorerCould go through your hand if holding the potatoMake sure the potato is placed on the white tile. Equipment 1)Weighing scales at 2 decimal places. 2)White Tile. 3)Pipette. 4)Scalpel. 5)Measuring cylinder. 6)Potato. 7)Paper towels. 8)Number 4-cork borer. 9)Poker. 10)Ruler. 11)15 specimen tubes. 12)15 labels for sucrose solution.

Reconciliation †Polly Clark Essay

Separation is one of the main themes in the short story. Marriage is very valuable and precious, because it is a promise of an everlasting love between a man and woman. People getting married, but people are also getting divorced as well. A marriage does not always turn out the way people had hoped for, and sometimes they will have to separate. A separation is usually a very emotional phase, especially after a divorce. Separation is a contrast to the title of the short story – reconciliation. Moving on, is also one of the main themes in the text. The husband Vernon have moved on, beside that Laura haven’t. In the text, Vernon seems to be the one, who have the most control over himself and his life. Whereas Laura seems to have mental issues and she isen’t thinking clear. In the short story Reconciliation, written by Polly Clark in 2006, we meet Laura who is floating between marriage and divorce. She is first-person narrator, because we are able to know how she is thinking and feeling, even when she dosen’t know it. Laura had a relationship to Vernon for half of her life. It appears, when Laura knows how her husband used to walk â€Å"His walk, just as I remember, is heavier on the left than the right†. Laura and her husband’s relationship are falling apart. For months she and her husband haven’t spoke a word. There have been months of â€Å"†¦Frozen silence.† When Laura dosen’t knows how to resume their contact, she applies for a job at her husband’s office. Laura is very nervous, and she seems doubtful around her husband Vernon, or Mr. Pringle as he is called in the text, by his employer Janny. This is expressed in her following quotes in the start: â€Å"†¦I have forgotten my shoes†, â€Å"I don’t know if I reply, if I do it is in a whisper†, â€Å"I bite my lip as I reach the desk†. The fact that Laura has forgotten her shoes and wearing the clothes, the clothes she have been sleeping with, shows that she’s not able to think clearly and the fact that she can’t speak clearly, but only whisper when Vernon is around, shows that she’s nervous. It makes her look like she has some smaller mental issues, which is caused because she is losing her husband. Laura feels like she is nothing without her husband. It seems like Laura is more interested of getting her husband back, than he is. She still got feelings for him. â€Å"We began our relationship – half my life ago – in a bar, and those were our best times, telling each other the truths of our lives in the warm light.† And later Laura tells Vernon she have grown some onions and had an interview. â€Å"These are both, technically, lies, but could be true†. Laura misses the times, when she and Vernon told each other the truth. But now, when their relationship is falling apart, she starts to lie. Laura wants her husband back. She can’t recognize Vernon anymore, and it seems that her husband has moved on and dosen’t fell the same way as she does. This is expressed in the text: â€Å"How has he managed to remain himself, to become – dare I say it – even more himself, with not even a scar and even a brand new blue shirt†, â€Å"What do you think about this then? You and me, you and me in a place like this†, â€Å"I hope he realizes how much planning, thought, how much normality it took for me to be here today†. Blue is also a color for wisdom and confidence, in contrast to Laura, who dosen’t have confidence, and dosen’t seem wise. When the narrator, Laura, introduce us to her husband Vernon, she describe him as a turtle without its carapace, which is an example of imagery. The way Vernon looks around the room is described as the way a chameleon look around. â€Å"His eyes flick about the room, an alarmed chameleon.†Another example of imagery in the text is when Laura is going to find matching numbers on the sheet with Janny. There is two numbers or two times, called 22.48 and 22.49. Laura is wondering if they are matching together, because they are â€Å"nearly the same. But still they are so different, they present them self. This can be put into perspective to Laura and Vernon. Laura sees herself, as one individual, but still she is wondering if she matching to Vernon. Laura does still wonder why 22.48 are so narrowly missed being 22.49. Laura asks Janny what if she can’t find the reconciliation on the sheet. Janny tells that they remain unreconciled. Sometimes everything isn’t going to work out the way you wanted it to be. But we have to move on, so everything can be reconciled.